WORTH KNOWING

Walls, ceilings

Walls and ceilings are the structural basis of almost every building. They are structural elements that can be made in a variety of ways and materials. Before you decide to choose one type of walls or ceilings, learn a little more about the characteristics of each type.

Floor types

ceilings are extremely important to the construction of an entire building. Their function is not only to separate individual floors, but also to carry loads, insulate heat and noise, stiffen the structure and protect against the spread of fire. Based on the type of construction, ceilings can be divided into four types.

• Beam ceilings - that is, ceilings in which the main load-bearing element are beams arranged in parallel. They can be made of reinforced concrete, steel or wood.
• Slab floors - their load-bearing element is a reinforced concrete slab. In this technology, we can distinguish monolithic ceilings and prefabricated ceilings.
• Rib slab ceilings - are usually lighter than classic reinforced concrete ceilings and made of slabs laid on beams called ribs.
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• Dense ribbed ceilings - are ceilings in which the supporting elements are ribs, the space between them is filled with hollow blocks, and the whole is poured with a concrete mixture.

Because of the material used, one can also distinguish between wooden, steel, steel-concrete, ceramic-concrete and reinforced concrete ceilings.

Types of exterior walls

Exterior walls supported by interior load-bearing walls are a kind of backbone of the whole building, which supports its structure and ceilings. Exterior walls are divided by their construction.

• Single-layer exterior walls -as the name suggests, they consist of only one layer. For this reason, it is more difficult to achieve an adequate level of thermal insulation with them than with two or three layers. This is why, in the case of single-layer walls, the material used is very important. The most common is the use of pusters or blocks, which are filled with Styrofoam or mineral wool.
• Two-layer external walls -are walls that consist of an outer layer - insulation and an inner layer - construction. In Poland, this type of exterior walls is the most common choice.
• Three-layer external walls - are constructions that are the most expensive and time-consuming to implement, but at the same time the most durable and the most solid. They consist of three layers - inner structural, middle insulating and outer facade.
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Types of interior walls

• Bearing walls -are walls that transfer loads from the upper part of the building to the lower floors and foundations. They are thick, insulating and fireproof.
• Partition walls - are walls that do not have a structural function, but only divide the space inside the building into rooms. They are lighter, thinner and erected to the height of one story.
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You can read about all types of walls and ceilings and market news in the Walls, Ceilings section of the Home Products.